Lingua franca english, multilingual communities, and. Three questions, few answers recent years have seen a surge of interest in english as a lingua franca elf, which roughly refers to englishmedium communication among people who have different native languages. In his article saraceni raises three main questions and a number of related debatable comments which i will quickly deal with in my final remarks regarding. English as a lingua franca speakers not learners anna mauranen university of helsinki taiwan, 28.
Today when we find a language which is commonly used by people whose native languages are different, we describe it as a lingua franca. Although most contemporary linguists regard english as a lingua franca elf as a valuable means of international communication and worthwhile object of study, some have challenged its value and the idea that elf is a distinct variety of english at all. Implications for the classroom it is now widely recognised that one of the most important roles of english in the world is as a lingua franca. English used as a lingua franca elf by nonnative speakers contains a huge amount of variation and usually differs quite considerably from english as a native language, although there is some evidence that innovations or hybrid forms shared by speakers of many l1s are diffusing into common elf usage. Generally, a lingua franca is a third language that is distinct from a native or mother language. Check out our top free essays on advantages and disadvantages of english as a lingua franca to help you write your own. Jamesesl english lessons engvid recommended for you. Elf is a contact language between persons who share neither a common native tongue nor a common national culture, and for whom english is the chosen foreign. Taking hong kong as an example, english is set to be the second language here, abilities of english usually come first than chinese. The phenomenon of english as a lingua franca elf has become the subject of considerable debate during the past few years. It is undeniably the only global lingua franca used in a wide variety of international. For full access to this pdf, sign in to an existing account, or purchase an annual subscription.
The objective of this bachelor thesis is to study english as a lingua franca, namely its. Pdf the phenomenon of english as a lingua franca elf has become the subject of considerable debate during the past few years. British linguist jennifer jenkins points out that elf is not a new phenomenon. This article reflects on the continued momentum of the debate regarding english as a lingua franca elf with a. Firstly, the paper will explore what is meant by english as a lingua franca elf and followed by the discussion the importance of relevant issues, such as choosing the right teaching model, crosscultural intelligibility and strategies, accommodation and openminded. In this response, i address the issues concerning the conceptualization and use of elf as well as the implications for elt. In those places that they colonized, english became the langua. Check out our top free essays on advantages and disadvantages of english as a lingua franca to help you write your own essay. While elf communication is highly variable, there are features which have been identified as regularly although not always occurring. It is undeniably the only global lingua franca used in a wide variety of international domains, including international. Teaching the pronunciation of english as a lingua franca. A lingua franca pronounced lingwa franka is a language or mixture of languages used as a medium of communication by people whose native languages are different. Lingua franca meaning in the cambridge english dictionary.
English as a lingua franca and some implications for english teachers penny ur 2009 initial concepts and assumptions probably between two and three billion people speak english. Lingua franca definition and meaning collins english dictionary. Theorizing and teaching english examines the english used among nonnative speakers around the world today and its relation to english as a native language, as well as the implications for english language teaching challenging and incisive, this book analyses positive and negative accounts of english as a lingua franca, and its linguistic features, within the. A lingua franca english plural lingua francas, although the pseudolatin form linguae francae is also seen is a language systematically used to make communication possible between people not sharing a first language, in particular when it is a third language, distinct from both speakers first languages. This chapter shows just how deeply affected english has already been through its unprecedented spread, and the unique function it has as the world language. Elf interaction can include native english speakers, but in most cases, it is a contact language between people who share neither a common native tongue. A lingua franca originally italian for frankish language see etymology below is a language that is used between persons who have not the same mother tongue the terms working language, bridge language and vehicular language are used in the same sense. Millions of people across the world use english as a lingua franca to communicate with each other, when they do not share the same native language. As an english speaker, i myself am ambivalent about english s dominance in the world. Id heard the term english as a lingua franca being used once or twice in the staffroom but not very often so i thought ok, its not that relevant here, i dont hear people talking about it much, do i really need to know about this.
A lingua franca is a language or way of communicating which is used between people who do. English today is used far more by its nonnative speakers than native speakers. Pdf english as a lingua franca in education internationalisation. Pdf the paper deals with the use of english as a lingua franca. English as a lingua franca elf is a functional term referring to the use of english as a common language by speakers of different first languages. Lingua franca definition is a common language consisting of italian mixed with french, spanish, greek, and arabic that was formerly spoken in mediterranean ports. English as a lingua franca research papers academia. Lingua franca simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. But the question in my title remains to be answered. English as a lingua franca in education internationalisation speaks english. In lingua franca interactions it functions as a nativeculturefree code. Will english as a lingua franca impact on native english. House 2002, not much is known about the exact function and meaning of the individual discourse markers in the l2 speakers speech, when they do use them.
Learning to become users of english as a lingua franca. English as a lingua franca, native speaker, language learner vs. A lingua franca or working language, bridge language, vehicular language is a language systematically used for communication, possibly among people who do not share a common language. Read lingua franca hentai 1 online, lingua franca 1 english, read lingua franca chapter 1 page 1 online for free at hentai2read, download lingua franca, download, akatsuki myuuto works, akatsuki myuuto, h2r. The integrated, almost borderless europe triggers mobility. Barbara seidlhofer, english as a lingua fra nca, elt journal, volume 59, issue 4, october 2005, pages 339341. English has become the ideal global language because it has been pressed into service in this capacity, and thus forced to coevolve with its growing social environment so that it now appears as if it were the mightiest language in the. Oxford university press is a department of the university of oxford. Conduct a needs analysis to find out whether your students use or are planning to use elf, or whether they need to integrate in an english speaking country. English operates as a lingua franca at a number of different levels, including local, national, regional and international. Language learning and use succeed through performance strategies, situational resources, and social negotiations in. It furthers the universitys objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Bulletin of the transilvania university of bra sov series iv.
Apart from the fact that english l2 speakers in english as a lingua franca elf interaction make little use of discourse markers cf. The difference is that in the days when elf was known as efl english as a foreign language, they would most likely not have had the insouciance and selfconfidence that come with the lingua franca outlook. A lingua franca is a common language used in international communication. Before entering into the discussion about the present and the prospective status of english as the global lingua franca, it seems appropriate to determine what, in fact, the global lingua franca is. English as a lingua franca and the multilingual classroom. In this paper i wish to respond to the article published in et 94 by saraceni while at the same time providing some clarifications concerning the concept of english as a lingua franca henceforth elf. Englishasalinguafranca barbaraseidlhofer in recent years, the term english as a lingua franca elf has emerged as a way of referring to communication in english between speakers with different. Teaching the pronunciation of english as a lingua franca oxford handbooks for language teachers.
Since roughly only one out of every four users of english in the world is a native speaker of the language crystal 2003. English words that come from other languages duration. How and why did english supplant french as the worlds. The of english as a lingua franca semantic scholar.
English is the worlds lingua franca today, but how did it get to be that way. It started with the british empire and the colonization of america. Free essays on advantages and disadvantages of english as. At the same time, this new and incipient research gives rise to new questions, and inspires further explorations into the complex phenomenon of elf. How to teach english as a lingua franca elf british.
People mostly communicate across cultures in english all over the world. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise cambridge core to connect with your account. In this definition, then, a lingua franca has no native speakers, and this notion is carried over into definitions of english as a lingua franca, such as in the following example. The second drawback of english being the international lingua franca is that the dominance of the english language proposes a threat to our own language. Therefore, parents always place english a high place. It argues that the insight that language is far more than an instrument of communication edwards 2010. This paper investigates how english has taken up the role of lingua franca in intercultural interactions in europe, and calls attention that making language students achieve nativelike proficiency became less important. Pdf the advantages and disadvantages of computer technology in second. Elf is also defined functionally by its use in intercultural communication rather than formally by its reference to nativespeaker norms whereas english as a second or foreign language aims at meeting native speaker norms and gives prominence to. During the process, it is natural that many words of the local languages get their way in and become part of that particular variety of english spoken in that region. Meaning, pronunciation, translations and examples log in dictionary.
English as a lingua franca is a useful guide for teachers and trainee teachers, and will be essential reading for advanced students and linguists concerned with multilingualism, language contact, language learning, language change, and the place of english in the world today. Barbara seidlhofer, english as a lingua franca, elt journal, volume 59, issue 4, october 2005, pages 339341. This paper challenges the existence of the dichotomy with regard to the english language as it is used today. How elf online communication affects taiwanese learners beliefs of english.
English language as a lingua franca english language essay. But what does this mean, and to what extent should elf affect what we do in the elt classroom. Free essays on advantages and disadvantages of english as a. English is considered as lingua franca around the globe. English as a lingua franca, since the current surge of research activity is expanding our understanding of elf in useits processes, practices, and linguistic features. For this reason, although she did not consider it problematic if other taiwanese people spoke english with a. They explain how teachers can teach elf in their classrooms. The british empire colonized a significant portion of the earth. Katy simpson davies and laura patsko will deliver a british council seminar in glasgow on 26 november 20 on teaching pronunciation and listening in an elf context english as a lingua franca. In defining what elf is, firth 1996 characterizes it as a contact language between individuals who do not share either a common native language or a common national culture. Sowdens article raises a number of questions concerning english as a lingua. English as a lingua franca, english as a foreign language, communicative strategies. These may be defined according to kachrus three circles. Saundz, unlike many competitive programs, presents a structured curriculum that uses a building block approach to teach you the 40 sounds of.
Lingua franca definition of lingua franca by merriamwebster. Sowdens article raises a number of questions concerning english as a lingua franca elf and criticizes it as a simplified and culturally neutral means of communication. As an englishspeaker, i myself am ambivalent about englishs dominance in the world. English as a lingua franca elf is the use of the english language as a common means of communication for speakers of different first languages. Until now prestige native speaker accents such as rp have been used unchallenged as model and goal. Firstly, the paper will explore what is meant by english as a lingua franca elf and followed by the discussion the importance of relevant issues, such as choosing the right teaching model, crosscultural intelligibility and strategies, accommodation and openminded attitudes towards different english varieties. How to teach english as a lingua franca elf british council. It concentrates on the environment of international meetings where english is used as. Pdf english as a lingua franca used at international meetings. Apparently paradoxically, the more localised the use of english as a lingua franca, the more variation it is likely to display. Author links open overlay panel ichung ke a hilda cahyani b. Elf is claimed to be qualitatively different from the kind of english used natively in both.
View english as a lingua franca research papers on academia. At the same time, this new and incipient research gives rise to new questions, and inspires further. English has become so entrenched in the world that it has effectively aquired monopoly status. Lingua franca definition and meaning collins english. The term english as a lingua franca elf refers to the teaching, learning, and use of english as a common means of communication or contact language for speakers of different native languages. What emerges from much of the discussion, however, is that there seems. Each title in the series is intended to serve both as a basis for training courses and seminars, and as a. Research perspectives on teaching english as a lingua franca volume 24 barbara seidlhofer. Lingua franca english, multilingual communities, and language. Lingua francas of the world 661 the use of this particular form of french eventually died out, but not before having left its own name as its heritage for languages which are used in a similar fashion. It argues, however, that it would be premature to launch into a discussion of the teaching of this lingua franca before certain prerequisites have been met. At its simplest, elf is a way of referring to communication in english between speakers who have different first languages. English is the worlds lingua franca today, but how did it.
Elf interaction can include native english speakers, but in most cases, it is a contact language between people who. English is considered as lingua franca english language essay. English as a lingua franca pros and cons essay example. Learning to become users of english as a lingua franca elf. Thus, if english is to ever be replaced as the lingua franca of the world, it will take a very long time and a whole lot of effort. Mohammad latif chaudhary are from college of electronic technology, bani walid, libya. Each title in the series is intended to serve both as a basis for training courses and seminars, and as a reference text. English as a lingua franca elt journal oxford academic.
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